What to know about nationwide protests in India over voter list changes

A protester wears a mask depicting Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar with the words "vote theft" during a protest organized by Shiv Sena (UBT) and the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena , demanding his resignation and the suspension of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls, in Mumbai, India, Sunday, Oct. 4, 2026. Rafiq Maqbool/AP hide caption

NEW DELHI — Protests have spread across India in the past week as opposition parties and civil society groups demand the resignation of the country's election chief over alleged manipulation of voter lists.

The campaign has been led in part by India's "Cockroach" youth movement, which previously organized street protests that forced the education minister to resign in July.

Protesters demand the resignation of Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar and an end to the poll body's ongoing revision of voter lists. They accuse the revision could disenfranchise millions of voters and benefit Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ruling Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, or BJP. The commission and government deny any wrongdoing.

India is the world's largest democracy with hundreds of millions of people voting in national and state elections. The Election Commission plays a central role in determining voter eligibility and administering elections, making changes to electoral lists politically significant.

The dispute centers on a nationwide voter list revision known as the Special Intensive Revision, or SIR. It began last year in the eastern state of Bihar ahead of local elections and has since expanded to most of India's states and federally administered territories.

Under the process, voters are required to provide documents showing they are eligible to remain on the lists.

The Election Commission says the exercise is needed to remove duplicate and ineligible entries and ensure legitimate voters remain registered. Critics say it could instead exclude legitimate voters, particularly poorer and other vulnerable communities.